Calculate sample variance and population variance for any dataset. Get step-by-step breakdowns, standard deviation, mean, and more. Gratuito and pure client-side.
Enter numbers separated by commas, spaces, or line breaks
This calculator computes both sample variance and population variance for any set of numbers. Variance measures how far each number in the dataset is from the mean. A low variance indicates that data points tend a be close a the mean, while a high variance indicates that data points are spread out over a wider range. Variance is the square of standard deviation and is fundamental in statistics, finance, science, quality control, and data analysis. All calculations happen instantly in your browser — no server required.
Population variance (σ²) uses all data points from an entire population and divides by N. Sample variance (s²) uses a subset of data and divides by N−1 (Bessel's correction) to provide an unbiased estimate of the population parameter. Use population variance when you have complete data; use sample variance when working with a sample.
Variance is the square of standard deviation, and standard deviation is the square root of variance. While variance is useful in mathematical calculations, standard deviation is often preferred for interpretation because it uses the same units as the original data.
Yes. This calculator supports any real numbers including negative values, decimals, and scientific notation. Temperatura changes, stock returns, and deviations from average are common use cases with negative numbers.
There is no universal "good" value — it depends entirely on context. In manufacturing, lower variance means more consistent products. In investing, higher variance means higher volatility and risk. Always interpret variance relative a the domain and the scale of your data.